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<p><b>Code 39</b> (also known as <b>Alpha39</b>, <b>Code 3 of 9</b>, <b>Code 3/9</b>, <b>Type 39</b>, <b>USS Code 39</b>, or <b>USD-3</b>) is a variable length, discrete <a href="Barcode" title="Barcode">barcode</a> symbology defined in <a href="ISO" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO">ISO</a>/<a href="International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a> 16388:2023.

</p><p>The Code 39 specification defines 43 characters, consisting of uppercase letters (A through Z), numeric digits (0 through 9) and a number of special characters (-, ., $, /, +, %, and <a href="Space_(punctuation)" title="Space (punctuation)">space</a>). An additional character (denoted '*') is used for both start and stop delimiters. Each character is composed of nine elements: five bars and four spaces. Three of the nine elements in each character are wide (binary value 1), and six elements are narrow (binary value 0).

</p><p>The barcode scheme does not contain a check digit (in contrast to—for instance—<a href="Code_128" title="Code 128">Code 128</a>), but it can be considered self-checking on the grounds that a single erroneously interpreted bar cannot generate another valid character. Possibly the most serious drawback of Code 39 is its low data density: It requires more space to encode data in Code 39 than, for example, in Code 128. This means that very small goods cannot be labeled with a Code 39 based barcode. However, Code 39 is still used by some postal services (although the <a href="Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">Universal Postal Union</a> recommends using Code 128 in all cases<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), and can be decoded with virtually any <a href="Barcode_reader" title="Barcode reader">barcode reader</a>. One advantage of Code 39 is that since there is no need to generate a check digit, it can easily be integrated into an existing printing system by adding a barcode font to the system or printer and then printing the raw data in that font.

</p><p>Code 39 was developed by <a href="David_Allais" title="David Allais">Dr. David Allais</a> and Ray Stevens of <a href="Intermec" title="Intermec">Intermec</a> in 1974. Their original design included two wide bars and one wide space in each character, resulting in 40 possible characters. Setting aside one of these characters as a start and stop pattern left 39 characters, which was the origin of the name Code 39.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four punctuation characters were later added, using no wide bars and three wide spaces, expanding the character set to 43 characters. Code 39 was later standardised as <a href="ANSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ANSI">ANSI</a> MH 10.8 M-1983 and MIL-STD-1189.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MIL-STD-1189 has been cancelled and replaced by ANSI/AIM BC1/1995, Uniform Symbology Specification — Code 39.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Encoding">Encoding</h2></div>

<p>The <b>*</b> character presented below is not a true encodable character, but is the start and stop symbol for Code 39. The asymmetry of the symbol allows the reader to determine the direction of the barcode being scanned. This code is traditionally mapped to the <b>*</b> character in barcode <a href="Font" title="Font">fonts</a> and will often appear with the human-readable representation alongside the barcode.

</p>

<p>As a generality, the location of the two wide bars can be considered to encode a number between 1 and 10, and the location of the wide space (which has four possible positions) can be considered to classify the character into one of four groups (from left to right): Letters(+30) (U–Z), Digits(+0) (1–9,0), Letters(+10) (A–J), and Letters(+20) (K–T). For example, the letter P (being the 16th letter of the alphabet) has its bars aligned to represent the number 6, and the space in the far right position to select the group Letters(+20).

</p><p>When represented as a digit, the number "10" is used to encode the number zero. Because there are only six letters in the Letters(+30) group (letters 30–35, or U–Z), the other four positions in this group (36–39) are used to represent three symbols (dash, period, space) as well as the start/stop character.

</p><p>The two wide bars, out of five possible positions, encode a number between 1 and 10 using a <a href="Two-out-of-five_code" title="Two-out-of-five code">two-out-of-five code</a> with the following numeric equivalence: 1, 2, 4, 7, 0. The numbers are summed together. For example, the number 6 is encoded NWWNN, with wide bars occupying the positions for 2 and 4 (2+4=6). In the case of NNWWN which is <span class="nowrap">4+7 = 11</span> it is assigned to 0 for digits (+0), and 10 for the letter columns (+10 – +30). When encoding the (+10 to +30) letters the equation needs a "−1" added so 'A' is WNNNW → 1 + 10 − 1 → 10 as shown in the table.

</p><p>The last four characters consist of all narrow bars and three wide spaces. There are four possible positions for the single narrow space.

</p><p>This table outlines the Code 39 specification. The numeric value assigned to each character (except start/stop) is used in the checksum algorithm described below.

</p>

<caption>Code 39 characters (and checksum values)

</caption>

<th colspan="12">Spaces

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th>+30

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th>1

</th>

<td>30

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>2

</th>

<td>31

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>3

</th>

<td>32

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>4

</th>

<td>33

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>5

</th>

<td>34

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>6

</th>

<td>35

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>7

</th>

<td>36

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>8

</th>

<td>37

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>9

</th>

<td>38

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>10

</th>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th>

</th>

<td>42

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>Characters are separated by an additional narrow space. For example, the full encoding for the single letter "A", which actually includes the start and stop characters as "*A*", is <span class="nowrap">"| |▮▮|▮|| |▮| |▮▮|"</span>. The code will not be read properly without these inter-character spaces. Barcode fonts invariably include this space within the glyph for the character.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Code_39_check_digit">Code 39 check digit</h2></div>

<p>Code 39 is sometimes used with an optional <a href="Modulo" title="Modulo">modulo</a> 10 or 43 <a href="Checksum" title="Checksum">check digit</a>. Using it requires this feature to be enabled in the barcode reader. The code with check digit is referred to as <i>Code 39 mod 10</i> or <i>Code 39 mod 43</i>, respectively.

</p><p>To compute this, each character is assigned a value. The assignments are listed in the table above, and almost, but not quite, systematic.

</p><p>To perform the <a href="Checksum" title="Checksum">checksum</a> calculation —

</p>

<ul><li>Take the value (0 through 42) of each character in the barcode, excluding start and stop codes.</li>

<li>Sum the values.</li>

<li>Divide the result by 10 (for Mod 10 check digit) or by 43 (for Mod 43 check digit).</li>

<li>The remainder is the value of the checksum character to be appended.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Full_ASCII_Code_39">Full ASCII Code 39</h2></div>

<p>Code 39 is restricted to 43 characters. In Full <a href="ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> Code 39 Symbols 0-9, A-Z, ".", "-" and space are the same as their representations in Code 39. Lower case letters, additional <a href="Punctuation" title="Punctuation">punctuation</a> characters and control characters are represented by sequences of two characters of Code 39.

</p>

<table>

<td style="text-align:center" colspan="15"><b>Code Details</b>

</td></tr>

<td><b>Character</b></td>

<td><b>Encoding</b>

</td>

</td>

<td><b>Character</b></td>

<td><b>Encoding</b>

</td>

</td>

<td><b>Character</b></td>

<td><b>Encoding</b>

</td>

</td>

<td><b>Character</b></td>

<td><b>Encoding</b>

</td></tr>

<td>%U

</td>

</td>

<td>[space]</td>

<td>[space]

</td>

</td>

<td>%V

</td>

</td>

<td>%W

</td></tr>

<td>$A

</td>

</td>

<td>/A

</td>

</td>

<td>A

</td>

</td>

<td>+A

</td></tr>

<td>$B

</td>

</td>

<td>/B

</td>

</td>

<td>B

</td>

</td>

<td>+B

</td></tr>

<td>$C

</td>

</td>

<td>/C

</td>

</td>

<td>C

</td>

</td>

<td>+C

</td></tr>

<td>$D

</td>

</td>

<td>/D

</td>

</td>

<td>D

</td>

</td>

<td>+D

</td></tr>

<td>$E

</td>

</td>

<td>/E

</td>

</td>

<td>E

</td>

</td>

<td>+E

</td></tr>

<td>$F

</td>

</td>

<td>/F

</td>

</td>

<td>F

</td>

</td>

<td>+F

</td></tr>

<td>$G

</td>

</td>

<td>/G

</td>

</td>

<td>G

</td>

</td>

<td>+G

</td></tr>

<td>$H

</td>

</td>

<td>/H

</td>

</td>

<td>H

</td>

</td>

<td>+H

</td></tr>

<td>$I

</td>

</td>

<td>/I

</td>

</td>

<td>I

</td>

</td>

<td>+I

</td></tr>

<td>$J

</td>

</td>

<td>/J

</td>

</td>

<td>J

</td>

</td>

<td>+J

</td></tr>

<td>$K

</td>

</td>

<td>/K

</td>

</td>

<td>K

</td>

</td>

<td>+K

</td></tr>

<td>$L

</td>

</td>

<td>/L

</td>

</td>

<td>L

</td>

</td>

<td>+L

</td></tr>

<td>$M

</td>

</td>

<td>-

</td>

</td>

<td>M

</td>

</td>

<td>+M

</td></tr>

<td>$N

</td>

</td>

<td>.

</td>

</td>

<td>N

</td>

</td>

<td>+N

</td></tr>

<td>$O

</td>

</td>

<td>/O

</td>

</td>

<td>O

</td>

</td>

<td>+O

</td></tr>

<td>$P

</td>

</td>

<td>0

</td>

</td>

<td>P

</td>

</td>

<td>+P

</td></tr>

<td>$Q

</td>

</td>

<td>1

</td>

</td>

<td>Q

</td>

</td>

<td>+Q

</td></tr>

<td>$R

</td>

</td>

<td>2

</td>

</td>

<td>R

</td>

</td>

<td>+R

</td></tr>

<td>$S

</td>

</td>

<td>3

</td>

</td>

<td>S

</td>

</td>

<td>+S

</td></tr>

<td>$T

</td>

</td>

<td>4

</td>

</td>

<td>T

</td>

</td>

<td>+T

</td></tr>

<td>$U

</td>

</td>

<td>5

</td>

</td>

<td>U

</td>

</td>

<td>+U

</td></tr>

<td>$V

</td>

</td>

<td>6

</td>

</td>

<td>V

</td>

</td>

<td>+V

</td></tr>

<td>$W

</td>

</td>

<td>7

</td>

</td>

<td>W

</td>

</td>

<td>+W

</td></tr>

<td>$X

</td>

</td>

<td>8

</td>

</td>

<td>X

</td>

</td>

<td>+X

</td></tr>

<td>$Y

</td>

</td>

<td>9

</td>

</td>

<td>Y

</td>

</td>

<td>+Y

</td></tr>

<td>$Z

</td>

</td>

<td>/Z

</td>

</td>

<td>Z

</td>

</td>

<td>+Z

</td></tr>

<td>%A

</td>

</td>

<td>%F

</td>

</td>

<td>%K

</td>

</td>

<td>%P

</td></tr>

<td>%B

</td>

</td>

<td>%G

</td>

</td>

<td>%L

</td>

</td>

<td>%Q

</td></tr>

<td>%C

</td>

</td>

<td>%H

</td>

</td>

<td>%M

</td>

</td>

<td>%R

</td></tr>

<td>%D

</td>

</td>

<td>%I

</td>

</td>

<td>%N

</td>

</td>

<td>%S

</td></tr>

<td>%E

</td>

</td>

<td>%J

</td>

</td>

<td>%O

</td>

</td>

<td>%T, %X, %Y, %Z

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Software">Software</h2></div>

<p>The following <a href="Free_and_open_source_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Free and open source software">free and open source software</a> can produce Code 39 barcodes:

</p>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/barcode/">GNU Barcode</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/zint/zint">Zint and libzint</a>.</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/jimevins/glbarcode">glbarcode++</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/jimevins/glabels-qt">glabels</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;">

<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As one example of an international standard, see <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

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/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upu.int/UPU/media/upu/files/postalSolutions/programmesAndServices/standards/S10-12.pdf">"Identification of postal items – 13-character identifier"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">Universal Postal Union</a>. 17 October 2017.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAllais,_D._C.2006" class="citation journal cs1">Allais, D. C. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130126112426/http://aidc100.org/files/Allais-_David_Memoirs.pdf">"AIDC Memoirs"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aidc100.org/files/Allais-_David_Memoirs.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2013-01-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-02</span></span>.</cite> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite journal}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (help)</span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA473534.pdf">"MIL-STD-1189 Standard Department of Defense Barcode Symbology"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 1989-08-10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240701064338/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA473534.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2024-07-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-30</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927231714/http://www.dscp.dla.mil/subs/support/specs/crds/milstan.asp">"Adoption Notice: AIM/BC1 Uniform Symbology Specification"</a>. 1997-06-19. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dscp.dla.mil/subs/support/specs/crds/milstan.asp">the original</a> on 2011-09-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-04-06</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/barcode/">"GNU Barcode"</a>. <a href="GNU_Project" title="GNU Project">GNU Project</a>. 19 February 2020.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

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</style><div id="Barcodes453" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Barcode" title="Barcode">Barcodes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Linear barcodes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="KarTrak" title="KarTrak">Automatic Car Identification</a></li>

<li><a href="Codabar" title="Codabar">Codabar</a></li>

<li><a href="International_Article_Number" title="International Article Number">European Article Number</a></li>

<li><a href="GS1_DataBar" class="mw-redirect" title="GS1 DataBar">GS1 DataBar</a></li>

<li><a href="Industrial_2_of_5" title="Industrial 2 of 5">Industrial 2 of 5</a></li>

<li><a href="Interleaved_2_of_5" title="Interleaved 2 of 5">Interleaved 2 of 5</a></li>

<li><a href="Matrix_2_of_5" title="Matrix 2 of 5">Matrix 2 of 5</a></li>

<li><a href="MSI_Barcode" title="MSI Barcode">MSI Barcode</a></li>

<li><a href="Patch_Code" title="Patch Code">Patch Code</a></li>

<li><a href="Pharmacode" title="Pharmacode">Pharmacode</a></li>

<li><a href="Plessey_Code" title="Plessey Code">Plessey</a></li>

<li><a href="Telepen" title="Telepen">Telepen</a></li>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><table>

</tr><tr><td><a href="Universal_Product_Code" title="Universal Product Code">UPC-A</a></td>

</tr><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td>

</tr><tr><td><a href="MaxiCode" title="MaxiCode">MaxiCode</a></td>

</tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mail" title="Mail">Post office</a> barcodes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="CPC_Binary_Barcode" title="CPC Binary Barcode">CPC Binary Barcode</a></li>

<li><a href="Facing_Identification_Mark" title="Facing Identification Mark">Facing Identification Mark</a></li>

<li><a href="PostBar" title="PostBar">PostBar</a></li>

<li><a href="POSTNET" title="POSTNET">POSTNET</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelligent_Mail_barcode" title="Intelligent Mail barcode">Intelligent Mail barcode</a></li>

<li><a href="Postal_Alpha_Numeric_Encoding_Technique" title="Postal Alpha Numeric Encoding Technique">PLANET</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2D barcodes (stacked)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Codablock" title="Codablock">Codablock</a></li>

<li><a href="GS1_DataBar" class="mw-redirect" title="GS1 DataBar">GS1 DataBar</a></li>

<li><a href="MicroPDF417" title="MicroPDF417">MicroPDF417</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2D barcodes (<a href="Matrix_(mathematics)" title="Matrix (mathematics)">matrix</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aztec_Code" title="Aztec Code">Aztec Code</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_Matrix" title="Data Matrix">Data Matrix</a> (<a href="Semacode" title="Semacode">Semacode</a>)</li>

<li><a href="DotCode" title="DotCode">DotCode</a></li>

<li><a href="MaxiCode" title="MaxiCode">MaxiCode</a></li>

<li><a href="Boxing_barcode" title="Boxing barcode">Boxing</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Polar_coordinate_system" title="Polar coordinate system">Polar coordinate</a> barcodes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="MaxiCode" title="MaxiCode">MaxiCode</a></li>

<li><a href="ShotCode" title="ShotCode">ShotCode</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="High_Capacity_Color_Barcode" title="High Capacity Color Barcode">High Capacity Color Barcode (Microsoft Tag)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technological issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Barcode_library" title="Barcode library">Barcode library</a></li>

<li><a href="Barcode_printer" title="Barcode printer">Barcode printer</a></li>

<li><a href="Barcode_reader" title="Barcode reader">Barcode reader</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other data tags</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Bokode" title="Bokode">Bokode</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Supply_chain_management" title="Supply chain management">Supply chain management</a></li>

<li><a href="Object_hyperlinking" title="Object hyperlinking">Object hyperlinking</a></li>

<li><a href="Matrix_(mathematics)" title="Matrix (mathematics)">Matrix</a></li>

<li><a href="Mobile_tagging" title="Mobile tagging">Mobile tagging</a></li>

<li><a href="CueCat" title="CueCat">CueCat</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Barcode" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Barcode">Commons</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-05-18" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Code_39&oldid=1291071779">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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